\listfiles
\documentclass{jarticle}
\usepackage{array}
\begin{document}

\begin{tabular}{|m{10em}|c|}
\hline
Cozy lummox gives smart squid \newline who asks ...
& Cozy lummox gives smart squid who asks ...\\
\hline
&ee\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\begin{tabular}{|b{10em}|c|}
\hline
Cozy lummox gives smart squid \newline who asks ...
& Cozy lummox gives smart squid who asks ...\\
\hline
&ee\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\begin{tabular}{|>{\raggedleft}p{10em}|c|}
\hline
Cozy lummox gives smart squid \newline who asks ...
& Cozy lummox gives smart squid who asks ...\\
\hline
&ee\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\begin{tabular}{|>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{10em}|c|}
\hline
Cozy lummox gives smart squid \newline who asks ...
& Cozy lummox gives smart squid who asks ...\\
\hline
&ee\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\begin{tabular}{|>{\raggedright}p{10em}|c|}
\hline
Cozy lummox gives smart squid \newline who asks ...
& Cozy lummox gives smart squid who asks ...\\
\hline
&ee\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\begin{tabular}{|>{$}c<{$}|c|}
\hline
\exp(x)&指数関数\\ \hline
\log(x)& 対数関数\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\begin{tabular}{|>{$}c<{$}|c|}
\hline
\exp(x)&指数関数\\ \hline
\log(x)& 対数関数\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

{\setlength\extrarowheight{12pt}
\begin{tabular}{|>{$}c<{$}|c|}
\hline
\exp(x)&指数関数\\ \hline
\log(x)& 対数関数\\
\hline
\end{tabular}}

\begin{tabular}{|c|@{\hspace{1cm}}c|}
\hline
aa&bbb\\ \hline
cccc&dddd\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\begin{tabular}{|c|!{\hspace{1cm}}c|}
\hline
aa&bbb\\ \hline
cccc&dddd\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\end{document}
