\listfiles
\documentclass{jarticle}
\usepackage{subfigure}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[tb]
\caption{キャプション}\label{tab:tab1}
\centering
\subtable[caption]{\label{tab:tab11}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
A&B\\
\hline
C&D\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}

\subtable[CAPTION]{\label{tab:tab12}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
E&F&G\\
\hline
H&I&J\\
\hline
K&L&M\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[tb]
\caption{キャプション}\label{tab:tab2}
\centering
\subtable[caption]{\label{tab:tab21}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
A&B\\
\hline
C&D\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\subtable[CAPTION]{\label{tab:tab22}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
E&F&G\\
\hline
H&I&J\\
\hline
K&L&M\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[tb]
\caption{キャプション}\label{tab:tab3}
\centering
\subtable[caption]{\label{tab:tab31}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
A&B\\
\hline
C&D\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\subtable[CAPTION]{\label{tab:tab32}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
E&F&G\\
\hline
H&I&J\\
\hline
K&L&M\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}

\subtable[caption]{\label{tab:tab33}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
A&B\\
\hline
C&D\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\subtable[CAPTION]{\label{tab:tab34}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
E&F&G\\
\hline
H&I&J\\
\hline
K&L&M\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\end{table}

\ref{tab:tab1}
\ref{tab:tab11}
\ref{tab:tab12}

\ref{tab:tab2}
\ref{tab:tab21}
\ref{tab:tab22}

\ref{tab:tab3}
\ref{tab:tab31}
\ref{tab:tab32}
\ref{tab:tab33}
\ref{tab:tab34}
\end{document}
